At EALTH, we also have concerns about implementing heavy-duty electric vehicles (EVs) in the pharma supply chain. These are some of the many concerns we will continue to monitor and address in due time in our interactions with the relevant EU institutions. These concerns are well known (and documented), but we have to keep a close eye on further developments to anticipate:

- The charging infrastructure is insufficient, and the EU grid had quite some limitations;

- The vehicle costs are extremely high, and transport companies must make huge investments in installing private charging stations at depots or warehouses;

- Electric vehicles have limited range and long charging times;

- Large and heavy batteries reduce the available payload capacity;

- Differences in charging connector types, power levels, and payment systems make cross-border operations in the EU more challenging;

- Hydrogen fuel cell trucks and biofuel-powered vehicles are emerging as competitors. Companies face uncertainty about which technology will dominate in the future;

- Rising energy prices in Europe could make operational costs higher than anticipated;

- Both transport companies and customers may be skeptical about the reliability and efficiency of heavy-duty EVs, especially for long-haul operations;

- And so many more…